Instant
Messaging
Instant messaging (IM) is a type of
online chat which offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN
messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages
are typically transmitted bi-directionally between two parties, when each user
chooses to complete a thought and select "send". Some IM applications
can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages
character by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging
can add file transfer, clickable hyperlinks, Voice over IP, or video chat.
Chat
Online chat may refer to any kind of
communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text
messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order to
enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a
spoken conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other
text-based online communication forms such as Internet forums and email. Online
chat may address point-to-point communications as well as multicast
communications from one sender to many receivers and voice and video chat, or
may be a feature of a web conferencing service.
Newsgroups
A Usenet newsgroup is a repository
usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in
different locations. Despite the name, newsgroups are discussion groups, and
are not devoted to publishing news. Newsgroups are technically distinct from,
but functionally similar to, discussion forums on the World Wide Web.
Newsreader software is used to read newsgroups.
Blogs
A blog (a truncation of the
expression weblog) is a discussion or informational site published on the World
Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries ("posts") typically displayed
in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first). Until 2009
blogs were usually the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small
group, and often covered a single subject. More recently "multi-author
blogs" (MABs) have developed, with posts written by large numbers of
authors and professionally edited. MABs from newspapers, other media outlets,
universities, think tanks, advocacy groups and similar institutions account for
an increasing quantity of blog traffic. The rise of Twitter and other
"microblogging" systems helps integrate MABs and single-author blogs
into societal newstreams. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain
or add content to a blog.
Wikis
A wiki is a website which allows
collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web
browser. In a typical wiki, text is written using a simplified markup language
(known as "wiki markup"), and often edited with the help of a rich-text
editor.
Social
Network Services
A social networking service (also
social networking site or SNS) is a platform to build social networks or social
relations among people who share similar interests, activities, backgrounds or
real-life connections. A social network service consists of a representation of
each user (often a profile), his or her social links, and a variety of
additional services. Social network sites are web-based services that allow
individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to
share connections, and view and cross the connections within the system. Most
social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact
over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Social network sites
are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools such as
mobile connectivity, photo/video/sharing and blogging.
Social
Guides
Like Yelp and Tripadvisor - where people
leave reviews on items or places.
Social Bookmarking
A
social bookmarking service is a centralized online service which enables users
to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents. Many online
bookmark management services have launched since 1996; Delicious, founded in
2003, popularized the terms "social bookmarking" and
"tagging". Tagging is a significant feature of social bookmarking
systems, enabling users to organize their bookmarks in flexible ways and
develop shared vocabularies known as folksonomies.
Social Shopping
Social
shopping is a method of e-commerce where shoppers' friends become involved in
the shopping experience. Social shopping attempts to use technology to mimic
the social interactions found in physical malls and stores. With the rise of
mobile devices, social shopping is now extending beyond the online world and into
the offline world of shopping.
Virtual Worlds
A
virtual world or massively multiplayer online world (MMOW) is a computer-based
simulated environment populated by many users who can create a personal avatar,
and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participate in
its activities and communicate with others. These avatars can be textual, two
or three-dimensional graphical representations, or live video avatars with
auditory and touch sensations. In general, virtual worlds allow for multiple
users.
MMOGs
A massively multiplayer online game (MMO
or MMOG) is a multiplayer video game which is capable of supporting large
numbers of players simultaneously. By necessity, they are played over a network,
such as the Internet. MMOs usually have at least one persistent world, however
some games differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms,
including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other
mobile devices.
Folksonomy
A folksonomy is a system in which users
apply public tags to online items, typically to aid them in re-finding those
items. This can give rise to a classification system based on those tags and
their frequencies, in contrast to a taxonomic classification specified by the
owners of the content when it is published. This practice is also known as
collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social
tagging.
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